Bibliography
Arnason, H. Harvard, and Elizabeth Mansfield. "Postwar European Art." History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2013. Print. Focused on the section on page 418 in the section "A Different Art: Abstraction in France". In this section, the term Tachisme was also described and the history of how it came to be was shared. Information on popular artists and why they chose this style due to the war was given.
Art Gallery NSW. “Wols (Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze).” Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
This article was about the life of Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze. It explained his life from when he was born in Germany, to when he moved to France and got caught there with WWII, and how his medium in art changed because of it. This article also explains his style and compositions of Wols’ artwork.
Brettell, Richard R., Paul Hayes Tucker, and Natalie Henderson. Lee. Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century Paintings. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009. Print. 386-387.
This article was used to ascertain information on the artist Pierre Alechinsky. It describes his painting technique and was also used to research his work “Central Park”.
Colt, Priscilla; “The Painting of Sam Francis”; Art Journal, Vol. 22 (Autumn, 1965) pp2-7
In this article Priscila Colt describes how Francis work by 1954 has become mainly a series of isolated cells and how he abandons the closed surface making his works increasingly tense.
Conley, Katharine. Surrealist Ghostliness. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. page 179.
This article contains great information on the artists belonging to the Tachisme movement. It also describes the ink and map technique.
Ebony, David. "Hans Hartung: Cheim & Read." Art In America 99.1 (2011): 117. Art Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
This article talked about purely his art how it changed and some of the process he went through to create it. Though the section about Hans Hartung is small it includes great information about how he premeditated some of his work and in his later years become a painter much more concerned about what he wanted to express in the moment.
"Georges Mathieu." Times [London, England] 25 June 2012: 42. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
This article describes Georges Mathieu’s many shows that he put on in the style of Tachisme. This also describes his influence on the public and how he was significant figure in the Tachisme style.
Hans Hartung." Collection Online. Guggenheim, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
The article gave lots of great information on Hans Hartung’s life and his change in art and why that happened over the years of his life, partially because of how his life was affected through the World War
Pictoright/ Marten Jensen. “Art informel: painting with speed.” Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
This article explains the style of Wols. It explains how he was a major key figure in the Abstract Lyrical style in France. This style became more known towards the end of his career when he transitioned from photography to painting.
"Poliakoff, Serge." Britannica Biographies (2012): 1. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
This article contains more biographical information about Serge Poliakoff. It discusses his early years and how he came to be inspired by the abstract art movement. Poliakoff’s specific types of abstractions used are detailed, as well as those who encouraged him to be more abstract.
Ruhrberg, Karl, and Ingo E. Walther. Art of the 20th Century. Köln: Taschen, 2000. Print.
This article describes Georges Mathieu’s style and his technique. It talks about how his painting style was organic, using paint tubes and his fingers to achieve the look his paintings had. This further connects him to the Tachisme style of staining, dripping, and blotting.
"Serge Poliakoff." Collection Online. The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2015. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
This article highlights Serge Poliakoff’s background and personal history with art, from his birth up until death. It details his style, the people who inspired him, and who he worked alongside. There is also information about where his works were shown and the different galleries and schools he worked with.
Shulman, Daniel; “In Lovely Blueness, 1955-56 by Sam Francis”; Art institute of Chicago Museum Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1, Modern and Contemporary Art: The Lannan Collection at The Art Institute of Chicago (1999), pp 16-17.
In this article Daniel Shulman describes in very detail the physical aspects of this monumental painting. He gives us a snapshot of Sam Francis biography up to the point when he paints “In Lovely Blueness” and explains how Francis’s encounter with the Monet’s Water Lilies inspired this abstract work.
"Tachisme (Late 1940s, 1950s)." Tachisme, Art Informel: History, Characteristics. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ART HISTORY. Web. 12 Oct. 2015. In this article, the definition of "Tachisme" is explained, as well as compared to other art forms in the United States. The article then shares information on the major artists of the style, as well as other popular art forms of similar techniques or expression.
Tate Gallery: Illustrated Catalogue of Acquisitions 1986-88, London 1996. “Wols (Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze)”. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
This catalogue entry gives the viewer information on the painting by Wols that is untitled. The article describes the subject as well as the composition. It also explains Wols’ career as a photographer, and how he became a painter.